ACID Properties in Databases: Transactional Safety Defined

Transactions in Relational DBMS are governed by ACID properties to maintain data integrity in the face of crashes or concurrent edits:

• Atomicity: The "all-or-nothing" rule. If one command in a transaction fails, the entire transaction is rolled back. • Consistency: Ensures that database updates always move the system from one valid state to another, conforming to all schema constraints. • Isolation: Guarantees that concurrent transactions execute independently without interfering with one another. • Durability: Once a transaction commits, it remains recorded permanently in non-volatile memory (even in a power failure).